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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Apr 8;45(7):1553–1570. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.002

Table 10.

Summary of patients’ deficits

Dyslexic-1 Dyslexic-2 Dysphasic-2 Dysphasic-1
Repetition accuracy x x x xx
Lexicality effect in repetition P P P P
Imageability effect in repetition P? P P PP
Semantic errors in repetition A A P P
Reading accuracy x x x xx
Lexicality effect in reading PP P P P
Imageability effect in reading P P A P
Semantic errors in reading P P A A
Spelling to dictation accuracy x x x x x x
Imageability effect in spelling P P P PP
Semantic errors in spelling PP P P PP
Phonology: input ✓? x? x x x
Phonology: output x x x x x
Visual-spatial processing x ✓ ✓ ✓?
Single letter tasks: P-O x x x x x
Single letter tasks: O-P x x x x x
Non-verbal comprehension ✓? ✓? ✓? ✓
Verbal comprehension ✓? x x x

xx = very impaired; x = impaired; ✓? = largely intact; ✓ = intact; PP = strongly present; P = present; A = absent.