Table 2.

Cardiac structure and function parameters according to number of features of metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age and gender.

	Number of features of the metabolic syndrome
	0	1	2	3	4–5	p (trend)
	n = 94	n = 229	n = 226	n = 79	n = 56
Adjusted prevalence (95%CI)
Stage C of heart failure	2.4 (0.6–9.2)	4.0 (2.2–7.3)	4.7 (2.7–8.3)	8.1 (4.0–15.7)	10.5 (5.1–20.5)	0.007
LVSD	0.0 (0.0-0.0)	2.7 (1.3–5.6)	3.0 (1.5–6.0)	2.7 (0.8–8.5)	7.1 (2.9–16.6)	0.02
Diastolic dysfunction	20.8 (13.4–30.6)	23.9 (18.7–30.1)	25.7 (20.3–32.0)	30.2 (20.9–41.6)	36.0 (24.1–49.9)	0.03
Coronary heart disease	3.6 (1.2–10.6)	6.5 (4.0–10.5)	8.1 (5.2–12.4)	10.0 (5.2–18.6)	18.4 (10.3–30.7)	0.002
Adjusted mean (95%CI)
LV diameter/height (mm/m)	29.4 (28.8–30.0)	29.7 (29.3–30.1)	29.9 (29.5–30.3)	29.9 (29.2–30.6)	30.9 (30.1–31.6)	0.008
LV mass/height (g/m)	100.1 (93.5–106.8)	109.0 (104.8–113.3)	113.8 (109.7–118.0)	120.0 (112.8–127.2)	129.9 (121.3–138.5)	< 0.001
LV mass/height2.7 (g/m2.7)	45.9 (42.8–49.1)	49.7 (47.7–51.7)	52.1 (50.1–54.1)	54.5 (51.1–58.0)	59.4 (55.3–63.4)	< 0.001
LV mass/FFM (g/kg)	3.66 (3.44–3.89)	3.92 (3.78–4.07)	3.97 (3.82–4.11)	4.08 (3.83–4.33)	4.39 (4.09–4.68)	< 0.001
Posterior wall/height (mm/m)	5.3 (5.2–5.5)	5.5 (5.4–5.6)	5.6 (5.5–5.7)	5.8 (5.6–6.0)	5.8 (5.6–6.1)	< 0.001
Interventricular septum/height (mm/m)	5.8 (5.6–6.0)	6.1 (5.9–6.2)	6.2 (6.1–6.4)	6.4 (6.2–6.6)	6.6 (6.4–6.9)	< 0.001
Relative wall thickness	0.37 (0.35–0.38)	0.38 (0.37–0.38)	0.38 (0.37–0.39)	0.39 (0.37–0.40)	0.38 (0.36–0.40)	0.05
Left atrium/height (mm/m)	22.0 (21.4–22.6)	22.3 (22.0–22.7)	23.5 (23.1–23.8)	23.5 (22.9–24.1)	24.1 (23.4–24.8)	< 0.001
E wave/A wave (peak velocity)	1.06 (1.00–1.12)	1.04 (1.00–1.08)	0.97 (0.93–1.01)	0.91 (0.85–0.98)	0.94 (0.86–1.02)	< 0.001

CI, confidence interval; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction; LV, left ventricle; FFM, fat-free mass.