Table 1.

Human brain tissues: clinical and pathologic description

Case	Neuropathologic alterations	Proportion of microvessels with disrupted occludin and claudin-5 immunostaining, %
1	Severe HIVE*	54
2	Severe HIVE	45
3	Severe HIVE	60
4	Severe HIVE	60
5	Moderate HIVE†	45
6	Moderate HIVE	50
7	Mild HIVE‡	15
8	Mild HIVE	20
9	HIV-1§	2
10	HIV-1	0
11	HIV-1	0
12	HIV-1	0
13	Control	0
14	Control	0
15	Control	0
16	Control	0
17	Control	0

^*Severe HIVE is defined as expression of HLA-DR on 80% to 90% of microglia; HIV-1 infection of ramified microglia; formation of 1 to 2 microglial nodules and 25 to 50 infiltrating macrophages per five × 10-power fields; and abundant multinucleated cells.

^†Moderate HIVE is defined as expression of HLA-DR on 20% to 70% of microglia; formation of 1 to 2 microglial nodules per ten × 10-power fields and 5 to 25 infiltrating macrophages per five × 10-power fields; and frequent multinucleated giant cells.

^‡Mild HIVE is defined as expression of HLA-DR on 10% to 15% of microglia; 1 microglial nodule per twenty × 10-power fields and 3 to 5 CD68⁺ infiltrating macrophages per five × 10-power fields; and rare multinucleated cells (as described before³³).

^§HIV-1—seropositive patients who died of complications of AIDS not related to the CNS; no changes were seen on neuropathologic examination.