Table 2.

Technologies available for identifying and quantifying BCR-ABL KD mutations

Technology	Sensitivity, %	Specificity	Bias*	Availability	Reference
Direct sequencing	15-25	++	No	+++	19,21,22,24,59
Subcloning and sequencing	9	+++	No	++	20
Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC)	0.1-10	++	No	++	66-68
Pyrosequencing	5	++	No	+	55,69
Double-gradient denaturing electrophoresis	5	++	No	+	57
Fluorescence PCR and PNA clamping	0.2	++	Yes	+	58
Allele-specific oligonucleotide PCR (ASO-PCR)	0.01	++	Yes	+	53,59,60

PNA indicates peptide nucleic acid.

^*Bias indicates that the test is designed to detect specific mutations.