Concentration- and Vj-dependent spermine association and dissociation rates under asymmetric [KCl] conditions. (A) The spermine Kon rates, determined from τdecay and Popen at +Vj values for all asymmetric cis/trans [KCl] conditions, were well described by a single exponential function (Eq. 10). Increasing the cis/trans [KCl] ratio increased the spermine on-rates, whereas decreasing it had the opposite effect. (B) The spermine Koff rates, calculated from τdecay and Popen at +Vj or τrise values at −Vj values for all asymmetric cis/trans [KCl] conditions, were well described by Eq. 10. Increasing the cis/trans [KCl] ratio reciprocally increased the spermine on-rates and decreased the spermine off-rates and vice versa (see Supplementary Material, Fig. S4 for further details).