Construction of a B. anthracis mutS knockout mutant. (A) Schematic representation of the targeting strategy for generating the mutS null allele. The mutS coding region was replaced by a spectinomycin resistance-encoding cassette through recombination of homologous flanking sequences. A white box represents the mutS-coding region. Black boxes represent homologous sequences flanking the mutS gene. Gray boxes represent the spectinomycin resistance-encoding cassette. (B) PCR analysis of genomic DNA isolated from the wild type (lanes 1, 3, and 5) and mutS knockout mutant (lanes 2, 4, and 6). Lanes 1 and 2, primers F1 and R1 for the B. anthracis rpoB gene (31); lanes 3 and 4, primers BAmutS7 and BAmutS8 (see panel A); lanes 5 and 6, primers BAmutS7 and SP3 (see panel A); lane M, 1-kb DNA ladder standard (sizes are marked to the left).