FIG. 1.

Effect of NH₄Cl (A) and chlorpromazine (D) and depletion of VATPase and Eps15 (B, C, E, and F) on DNV or WNV infectivity of HeLa cells. (A and D) HeLa cells preadsorbed with the viruses for 1 h at 4^°C (MOI of 10) were transferred to 37^°C and incubated for the desired time periods, culture medium containing 20 mM NH₄Cl or 10 μM chlorpromazine was added, and the cells were grown for 16 h or 10 h for DNV or WNV, respectively. After the incubation, cells were fixed and immunofluorescence was performed. (B and C) HeLa cells transfected with siRNA against VATPase and Eps15 for 4 days were infected with DNV and WNV (MOI of 10) for 16 h or 10 h, respectively, and analyzed by immunofluorescence (B) or Q-RT-PCR to quantify viral E-gene copies (C). (E and F) HeLa cells transfected with pEGFP-C vector expressing a dominant-negative mutant of Eps15 (E95/295) for 30 h were infected with DNV or WNV (MOI of 10) for 16 h or 10 h, respectively, and analyzed by immunofluorescence (E) or Q-RT-PCR (F) to quantify viral E-gene copies. E-gene copies were normalized using beta actin gene copies. Images were captured using a magnification ×40 objective by fluorescence microscopy. Quantification was done by counting the total number of infected cells in each captured image (corresponds to an average of 100 cells per image) and expressed as percent infected cells of the total cells. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviations from triplicates of a representative experiment.