Follow-up of the macaques after SIVmac239 challenge. Upper panels, peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts (cells/μl); lower panels, plasma viral loads (viral RNA copies/ml plasma); left panels, the seven noncontrollers; right panels, the five controllers. All seven noncontrollers developed AIDS and were euthanized during the observation period (Table 1). Macaques V5, V6, and V8 received anti-CD8 antibody treatment starting from week 118, week 156, and week 156, respectively.