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. 2007 Jun 27;104(27):11418–11423. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0610467104

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

NFATc2 regulates mitochondrial function, Bcl-2, and apoptosis in PAH PASMC. (A) iPAH PASMC mitochondria are hyperpolarized compared with normal and normalized by VIVIT or CSA (n≈ 50 per group per experiment, three experiments). (B) Although in untreated iPAH and healthy cells cytochrome c (green) colocalizes with the mitochondria (stained by mitotracker red), in the VIVIT-treated cells, cytochrome c is cytoplasmic (diffuse staining pattern). (C) VIVIT and CSA, but not antennapedia, induce apoptosis (% TUNEL-positive cells; annexin but not propidium iodide-positive cells) and decrease proliferation (% PCNA-positive cells) in iPAH PASMCs. (n ≈ 70 per group per experiment, three experiments). (D) (Left) Bcl-2 expression is increased in iPAH compared with healthy cells, which is reversed by VIVIT and CSA. (Right) Although in iPAH bcl-2 colocalizes with mitotracker (yellow staining), after VIVIT treatment, bcl-2 dissociates from mitochondria. ∗, P < 0.05 vs. iPAH.