Conservation of phosphorylation sites in homologous proteins from other species and phosphorylation of DExD/H box RNA helicases. (A) Alignment of the region surrounding the Arabidopsis SF1-like protein phosphorylation site and related sequences from rice (Os, Oryza sativa), potato (St, Solanum tuberosum), human (Hs, Homo sapiens) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce) homologs. The two corresponding Ser residues of HsSF1 are phosphorylated in vivo as well (27,28). (B) Alignment of the phosphosite in At4g17720 and corresponding regions of homologs from the dicot species Arabidopsis (At, A.thaliana), Lotus japonicus (Lj), Medicago truncatula (Mt), tomato (Le, Lycopersicon esculentum), and the monocots maize (Zm, Zea mays), barley (Hv, Hordeum vulgare), and rice (Os, O.sativa). (C) Positioning of the phosphorylation sites in the DEAD box RNA helicase RH26. The phosphorylation sites are both conserved in AtRH25, but not in AtRH31. The gray arrow (at RSZ33) represents a pSer also identified in non-phosphorylated form. (D) Phosphorylation of the DEAH box RNA helicase encoded by At1g32490. One of the two pSer residues are positionally conserved in the human homolog DBP2 and the fission yeast homolog Cdc28/Prp8. DEAD/H, DEAD/H-like helicase domain; HELICc, helicase superfamily c-terminal domain; HA2, Helicase associated domain (PFAM accession no. PF04408), DUF1605, domain of unknown function (PFAM accession no. PF07717). DUF1605 is always found in association with HA2 in helicases.