Table 2.
Crude multinomial analysis of the stages of change for physical activity according to the covariates§. Pelotas, Brazil, 2005.
| Variable | N | Contemplation PR (95%CI) | Preparation PR (95%CI) | Action PR (95%CI) | Maintenance PR (95%CI) |
| Sex | p = 0.002* | p = 0.005* | p = 0.005* | p < 0.001* | |
| Male | 1378 | 0.71 (0.57–0.88) | 0.54 (0.60–0.91) | 0.60 (0.42–0.86) | 1.46 (1.23–1.74) |
| Female | 1758 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Skin color | p = 0.176* | p = 0.120* | p = 0.135* | p = 0.172* | |
| White | 2634 | 1.31 (0.89–1.93) | 1.27 (0.91–4.73) | 1.48 (0.882.48) | 1.23 (0.91–1.64) |
| Non-white | 502 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Age (years) | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p = 0.011** | |
| 20–39 | 1358 | 2.58 (1.75–3.81) | 1.89 (1.39–2.58) | 3.42 (1.95–5.99) | 1.41 (1.06–1.88) |
| 40–59 | 1181 | 1.50 (1.03–2.18) | 1.58 (1.18–2.11) | 1.30 (0.71–2.37) | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) |
| ≥ 60 | 597 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Marital status | p = 0.008* | p = 0.070* | p = 0.027* | p = 0.007* | |
| Without a partner | 1168 | 1.30 (1.07–1.58) | 1.21 (0.98–1.49) | 1.48 (1.05–2.08) | 1.34 (1.09–1.66) |
| With a partner | 1968 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Education level (years) | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | |
| 0–4 | 783 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5–8 | 1005 | 1.44 (1.08–1.94) | 1.65 (1.23–2.21) | 2.20 (1.16–4.18) | 1.20 (0.93–1.54) |
| 9–11 | 824 | 3.19 (2.28–4.48) | 3.29 (2.38–4.56) | 5.34 (2.90–9.84) | 3.11 (2.30–4.19) |
| ≥ 12 | 522 | 4.66 (3.04–7.12) | 6.38 (4.32–9.41) | 9.43 (4.68–18.98) | 5.37 (3.62–7.97) |
| Economic status† | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | |
| A/B (wealthiest) | 985 | 2.57 (1.83–3.62) | 3.15 (2.29–4.32) | 5.15 (3.21–8.26) | 3.07 (2.25–4.19) |
| C | 1295 | 1.36 (0.99–1.88) | 1.42 (1.07–1.88) | 1.75 (1.13–2.71) | 1.43 (1.12–1.84) |
| D/E | 835 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Family income (quintiles) | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | |
| 1 (lower) | 577 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 621 | 1.12 (0.76–1.65) | 1.14 (0.83–1.56) | 0.65 (0.36–1.19) | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) |
| 3 | 676 | 1.86 (1.31–2.66) | 1.32 (0.94–1.87) | 0.92 (0.52–1.62) | 1.50 (1.07–2.12) |
| 4 | 581 | 1.78 (1.17–2.70) | 1.72 (1.18–2.51) | 1.59 (0.91–2.80) | 1.72 (1.22–2.41) |
| 5 | 660 | 2.83 (1.79–4.47) | 2.90 (1.97–4.26) | 2.90 (1.64–5.13) | 3.15 (2.21–4.49) |
| Smoking | p = 0.017* | p < 0.001* | p = 0.004* | p < 0.001* | |
| Non-smoker | 1634 | 1.43 (1.09–1.86) | 1.74 (1.38–2.20) | 1.95 (1.28–2.97) | 2.15 (1.66–2.78) |
| Former smoker | 664 | 1.09 (0.76–1.57) | 1.54 (1.14–2.09) | 1.16 (0.66–2.02) | 2.13 (1.58–2.86) |
| Current smoker | 838 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| BMI (kg/m2)‡ | p = 0.011** | p < 0.001** | p = 0.332** | p = 0.734** | |
| < 25.0 | 1468 | 0.68 (0.48–0.96) | 0.59 (0.43–0.81) | 0.76 (0.46–1.25) | 1.06 (0.76–1.47) |
| 25.0 a 29.9 | 1092 | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) | 0.87(0.65–1.15) | 0.78 (0.47–1.29) | 1.27 (0.92–1.75) |
| ≥ 30.0 | 471 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Self-reported health status | p = 0.017** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | p < 0.001** | |
| Excellent/very good | 831 | 1.48 (1.10–2.00) | 1.78 (1.31–2.14) | 2.76 (1.76–4.32) | 3.14 (2.32–4.25) |
| Good | 1428 | 1.07 (0.79–1.43) | 1.17 (0.89–1.54) | 1.26 (0.78–2.04) | 1.44 (1.11–1.87) |
| Regular/poor | 877 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
§ Precontemplation stage is the base-outcome.
† Criterion of Brazilian Economic Classification [17].
‡ BMI had 3.3% of missing values; the other variables had less than 1%.
* Wald test for heterogeneity.
** Wald test for linear trend.