Fig. 1.
Effect of IFN-γ, IL-1β or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with or without substance P (SP) on VCAM-1 expression on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). FLS were stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml), IFN-γ (100 U/ml) or TNF-α (100 ng/ml) with or without SP (10−8m) for 0, 6, 12 and 18 h. Constitutive FLS VCAM-1 expression was taken as 0% on the ordinate. Results are the mean of triplicate measurements, representative of five performed on different rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and of two performed on controls; s.d. is < 5%.