Table 1.

Detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and viral transcripts in caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)-infected goats

*Experimentally infected with CAEV CO.

‡Clinical status was assessed by the measurement of the carpal/metacarpal (C/MC) circumference ratio of carpal joints. An arbitrary threshold for clinical arthritis was set at C/MC = 1.80. Goats with mild arthritis had C/MC ratios of 1.71–1.79.

§Evaluation of haematoxylin–eosin (H–E)-stained tissue sections of synovial membranes from carpal joints was performed independently by two examiners. 0 = no inflammation; 1 = some inflammatory cell aggregates, synovial lining layer hyperplasia; 2 = dispersed mononuclear infiltrates in villi, few perivascular infiltrates; 3 = infiltrates in villi, subintima and around vessels; few small lymphoid-like follicles; 4 = as 3; with lymphoid-like follicles, large plasma cell aggregates; 5 = intense mononuclear infiltration of intima and subintima, numerous plasma cells, necrosis/fibrosis.

¶ Viral RNA in synovial membranes of carpal joints was detected by in situ hybridization of gag RNA.