Colonic contents of various neuropeptides in the IL-2−/– mice with chronic bowel inflammation (▪, n = 8), and the age-matched healthy IL-2+/– (hatched, n = 7) or IL-2+/+ controls (□, n = 10). Results are presented as mean + s.e.m. *0·01 < P < 0·05; **0·001 < P < 0·01; ***P < 0·001. n, Number of mice/group. PYY, Polypeptide YY; SP, substance P; VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.