Table 1.
Comparison of immunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and the frequencies of HLA DQB1*0201 and 0302 alleles in APECED patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), prediabetic patients and patients without IDDM
| APECED with IDDM | Prediabetic APECED patients | APECED without IDDM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI to GAD ≥ 3 | 3/8 (38%) | 1/3 (33%) | 11/33 (33%) |
| GAD-IFN-γ≥ 50 pg/ml | 3/5 (60%) | 1/1 (100%) | 13/23 (57%) |
| GAD antibody-positive | 4/8 (50%) | 2/3 (67%) | 8/33 (24%) |
| HLA DQB1 | |||
| *0201,x | 1/8 (13%) | 2/3 (67%) | 4/30 (13%) |
| *0302,x | 2/8 (25%) | 0/3 (0%) | 9/30 (30%) |
| *x,x | 5/8 (63%) | 1/3 (33%) | 17/30 (57%) |
| Correlation between | r = 0·171, | r = −0·714, | |
| SI to GAD and GAD antibody level | P = 0·83 | P = 0·001 | |
Stimulation index (SI) ≥ 3 is considered a positive proliferation response and GAD antibody level ≥ 5 as a positive humoral response (GAD antibody-positive). No significant differences were found in the frequencies of positive cellular or humoral immunity to GAD or in the frequencies of HLA DQB1 genotypes between patients with IDDM, prediabetic patients and patients without IDDM.