Mice received were pre-immunized with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) 8 days prior to intra-articular injection into the knee of (a) saline or (b,c) mBSA. Arthritis on day 5 after intra-articular injection was analysed by histological analysis of H–E-stained decalcified whole joint sections. Main photomicrographs × 50, insets × 200. Compartments of the joint are labelled Sp (space), Sy (synovium), C (cartilage) and BM (bone marrow). Saline and mBSA-injected mice received isotype control IgG. Compared with saline injection (a), injection of mBSA (b) was associated with synovial hyperplasia characterized by a marked infiltration of leucocytes. In contrast, anti-MIF MoAb administration (c) was associated with a marked reduction in synovial hypercellularity.