The thickness of the distal colon wall in different groups is shown here. There was a significant (P < 0·005 to P < 0·001) increase in the thickness in the RE-TNBS group when compared to normal controls and RE-ETOH groups. However, the rats in the groups of OR-TNBS, HCE-TNBS, NHCE-TNBS, TL-TNBS and TS-TNBS showed protection when compared with RE-TNBS (P < 0·02 to P < 0·001). The protection in the TS-TNBS group was much less than TL-TNBS group. However, no protection was evident in HSE-TNBS, NHSE-TNBS, NTL-TNBS and NTS-TNBS groups. Abbreviations as given in Table 1.