Expression of LFA-1 on DS patients and age-matched normal controls. Freshly-isolated lymphocytes were analysed for the expression of CD11a with cell-surface staining and flow cytometry analysis. For the 0–2 year-old group, five normal controls (Crl; MFI median: 132; mean age 12·0 months) and seven DS patients (DS; MFI median: 225; mean age 11·4 months) were compared. For the 2–6 year-old group, eight normal controls (MFI median: 195; mean age 4 years 1·7 month) and 23 DS patients (MFI median: 177; mean age 4 years 5·9 month) were included. The 6–15 year-old group comprised 16 controls (MFI median: 272; mean age 11 years 8·0 month) and five DS patients (MFI median: 310; mean age 9 years 3·2 month). Results are expressed as ranges of MFI values (maximal and minimal values with connecting vertical lines) and 75th percentiles, 25th percentiles and medians (50th percentiles), represented by upper and lower sides of boxes and the horizontal lines in the middle, respectively. Dotted boxes represent control groups while clear boxes represent DS patient groups. Statistical analyses were performed by the Mann–Whitney non-parametric method. Significant statistical differences are marked with brackets.