Time course of production of TNF-α (a), IL-1 (b), IL-6 (c), IL-8 (d) and MCP-1 (e) by IFN-γ pre-activated THP-1 cells (500 U/ml for 48 h before induction) stimulated with heat-killed Streptococcus suis (□) strain 31533 (109 cfu/ml) or () LPS (1 μg/ml, used as a positive control). Culture supernatant fluids were harvested at different time intervals and assayed for cytokine production by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± s.d. (in pg/ml). Values of basal expression of cytokines (cell culture medium alone, used as negative control) were corrected from data obtained after S. suis or LPS stimulation.