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. 1998 Feb 17;95(4):1505–1510. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1505

Table 2.

Distance between ligand Pα and Lys 82 Nζ reactant atoms and the angle between this vector and the bond between Pα and leaving group

Structure Distance, Å Angle, °
GpppG complex 3.1 166
Closed GTP complex 3.2 161
Open GTP complex 4.0 70
Guanylylated intermediate 1.6 NA

An angle of 180° would be most suitable for in-line attack by the nucleophilic lysine on the phosphate.