RT-PCR analysis of pediatric bone marrow aspiration biopsies with primers specific for the PAX3/FKHR fusion gene product, α/γAChR, MyoD1, and myogenin. In all bone marrow samples infiltrated by alveolar RMS (Lanes 1,* 4, 5, 7 and 8), transcripts of PAX3/FKHR, α/γAChR, and myogenin were detected in similar quantities. In contrast to PAX3/FKHR and γAChR, myogenin and αAChR transcripts were found in, respectively, two bone marrow samples infiltrated by neuroblastomas (Lanes 10 and 11), Ewing’s sarcomas (one shown in Lane 12) and two acute lymphatic leukemias (one shown in Lane 13), as well as in four probes free of tumor (two shown in Lanes 14 and 15). No transcripts of MyoD1 were detected in any of the bone marrow samples including all probes infiltrated by alveolar RMS. *Lane 1: This bone marrow sample infiltrated by alveolar RMS was used for dilution experiments and following RT-PCR with primers specific for PAX/FKHR and α/γAChR. Both techniques had a similar sensitivity for the detection of alveolar RMS.