Table 3.

Technology for Molecular Pathology

Basic technology

Isolation and quantitation of DNA and RNA in cells

Enzymatic digestion of DNA

Electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids

Probe production and labelling of DNA and RNA

In vitro amplification of DNA and RNA

Polymerase chain reaction

Non-PCR based methods for amplification

Allele or sequence specific polymerase chain reaction

Solid phase and solution hybridization reactions

Southern and Northern blot analysis

Forward and reverse dot/slot blot/line analysis

ELISA plate or microwell arrays

In situ hybridization

Microchip and array technology

Nucleic acid detection methods

Ethidium bromide staining

Fluorescence

Chemiluminescence

Radioisotopes

Enzyme linked colorimetric assays

Other techniques for mutation screening and detection

Single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis

Denaturing gel electrophoresis

DNA sequencing

Capillary electrophoresis

Computer-based analyses

Genetic databases

Sequence analysis and comparison