Table 1.
Age-standardized baseline characteristicsa by smoking status among men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1986–2002) and women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1976–2002) and the NHS II (1989–2003)
|
Men, HPFSb |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Never | Past | Current |
| No. of individuals | 21,955 (47.4%) | 19,708 (42.5%) | 4,664 (10.1%) |
| Age (years) | 53.0 | 56.1 | 54.2 |
| Height (inches) | 70.0 | 70.1 | 70.1 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 | 25.8 | 25.5 |
| Pack-years of cigarettesc | 22.6 | 38.3 | |
| Daily dietary intakesd | |||
| Fruits and vegetables (serving) | 6.0 | 5.8 | 4.9 |
| Total meate(serving) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
| Alcohol (g) | 7.9 | 13.6 | 17.5 |
| Coffee (cups) | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Vitamin Cf(mg) | 435.0 | 433.0 | 379.0 |
| Vitamin Ef(mg) | 51.2 | 51.4 | 46.0 |
| Multivitamin use (%) | 61.5 | 63.8 | 59.8 |
|
Women, NHSb |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Never | Past | Current |
| No. of individuals | 50,883 (44.2%) | 26,343 (22.9%) | 37,861 (32.9%) |
| Age (years) | 42.7 | 42.9 | 42.7 |
| Height (inches) | 64.3 | 64.6 | 64.5 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 | 24.6 | 24.1 |
| Pack-years of cigarettesc | 12.0 | 23.3 | |
| Daily dietary intakesd | |||
| Fruits and vegetables (serving) | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.0 |
| Total meate(serving) | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Alcohol (g) | 4.1 | 7.6 | 8.7 |
| Coffee (cups) | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.3 |
| Vitamin Cf(mg) | 303.0 | 332.0 | 293.0 |
| Vitamin Ef(mg) | 35.1 | 39.5 | 32.3 |
| Multivitamin use (%) | 34.7 | 36.7 | 31.7 |
|
Women, NHSIIb |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Never | Past | Current |
| No. of individuals | 63,581 (65.9%) | 20,526 (21.3%) | 12,397 (12.8%) |
| Age (years) | 34.5 | 35.8 | 35.3 |
| Height (inches) | 64.8 | 65.0 | 64.9 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 | 24.1 | 24.1 |
| Pack-years of cigarettesc | 9.2 | 15.2 | |
| Daily dietary intakesd | |||
| Fruits and vegetables (serving) | 5.2 | 5.4 | 4.7 |
| Total meate(serving) | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Alcohol (g) | 2.4 | 4.3 | 5.0 |
| Coffee (cups) | 0.9 | 1.6 | 2.3 |
| Vitamin Cf(mg) | 253.0 | 271.0 | 251.0 |
| Vitamin Ef(mg) | 25.0 | 27.2 | 25.0 |
| Multivitamin use (%) | 44.6 | 44.9 | 39.6 |
Means or proportions.
Baseline: 1986 among men in the HPFS, 1976 among women in the NHS, and 1989 among women in the NHS II.
Pack-years are calculated for current and past smokers.
Baseline: 1986 among men in the HPFS, 1980 among women in the NHS, and 1991 among women in the NHS II.
Total meat consists of processed meats; bacon; hot dogs; hamburger; beef, pork, or lamb as a sandwich or mixed dish; beef, pork, or lamb as a main dish; chicken with skin; and chicken without skin.
Energy-adjusted vitamin intake from diet and vitamin supplement.