Table 3.

Hierarchical Linear Models Analyses Predicting Exercise Change and Maintenance following the Intervention

		Baseline			Pre-intervention			Post-intervention 1				Post-intervention 2
Within-Subject Fixed Effects		γij	Coeff.	SE	γij	Coeff.	SE	γij	Coeff.	SE	p	γij	Coeff.	SE	pa
Variety of exercises	Intercept	γ00	.51	.04	γ10	-.14	.05	γ20	-.10	.05	.08	γ30	-.10	.05	.12
	Group	γ01	-.03	.06	γ11	.13	.06	γ21	.24	.06	.00	γ31	.22	.07	.00
Occurrence of exercise	Intercept	γ00	7.78	.83	γ10	-3.00	.86	γ20	-2.33	0.92	.01	γ30	-2.31	1.02	.02
	Group	γ01	-.97	1.10	γ11	2.40	1.13	γ21	5.23	1.19	.00	γ31	2.54	1.30	.05
- stretching	Intercept	γ00	3.12	.38	γ10	-1.06	.42	γ20	-.87	.45	.06	γ30	-.45	.50	.37
	Group	γ01	-.40	.50	γ11	.76	.56	γ21	2.63	.59	.00	γ31	.44	.64	.50
- walking	Intercept	γ00	2.67	.36	γ10	-.90	.42	γ20	-.99	.45	.03	γ30	-1.12	.50	.03
	Group	γ01	-.56	.48	γ11	.79	.56	γ21	1.35	.59	.02	γ31	-1.59	.64	.01
- strengthening	Intercept	γ00	2.00	.36	γ10	-1.00	.39	γ20	-.39	.41	.30	γ30	-.69	.46	.14
	Group	γ01	-0.01	.47	γ11	1.09	.51	γ21	.91	.53	.10	γ31	.39	.59	.51

Statistical significance of coefficient γ₃₁ is indicative of maintenance effects using the following model:

Level 1 model: Outcome = β_0j + β_1jX₁ + β_2jX₂ + β_2jX₂+ r_ij

Level 2 model: T₁ β_0j= γ₀₀ + γ₀₁ Gr_j + u_oj

T₂ β_1j= γ₁₀ + γ₁₁ Gr_j

T₃ β_2j= γ₂₀ + γ₂₁ Gr_j

T₄ β_2j= γ₃₀ + γ₃₁ Gr_j

where i: 1 ....N individuals ; r_ij: level 1 error term ; γ_ij : coefficients for parameters ; u_oj: level-2 random effect ; β: coefficient ; Gr: group membership (1 = experimental, 0 = control) ; X₁: dummy variable (1 = pre-intervention, 0 = otherwise) ; X₂: dummy variable(1 = post-intervention-1, 0 = otherwise); X₃: dummy variable(1 = post-intervention-2, 0 = otherwise)

Meaning of Coefficients:

γ₀₀ = Predicted value in outcome variable at baseline for participants in control group

γ₀₁ Gr_j = Predicted difference in outcome variable at baseline for participants in experimental group

γ₁₀ = Predicted change in outcome variable from baseline to pre-intervention for participants in control group

γ₁₁ Gr_j = Predicted difference in change in outcome variable from baseline to pre-intervention for participants in experimental group

γ₂₀ = Predicted change in outcome variable from baseline to post-intervention1 for participants in control group

γ₂₁ Gr_j = Predicted difference in change in outcome variable from baseline to post-intervention-1 for participants in experimental group

γ₃₀ = Predicted change in outcome variable from baseline to post-intervention-2 for participants in control

γ₃₁ Gr_j = Predicted difference in change in outcome variable from baseline to post-intervention-2 for participants in experimental group.

^a significance of the changes that had occurred between post-intervention-1 and post-intervention-2