Summarised findings of systematic reviews on effectiveness of strategies to inform, educate, and involve patients in their treatment

Topic	Total number of reviews found	Effects on patients' knowledge	Effects on patients' experience	Effects on use of health services	Effects on health behaviour and health status
Improving health literacy	25	Reported in 13 reviews: 10 positive, 2 mixed, 1 negative	Reported in 16 reviews: 10 positive, 5 mixed, 1 negative	Reported in 14 reviews: 9 positive, 3 mixed, 2 negative	Reported in 13 reviews: 4 positive, 6 mixed, 3 negative
Improving clinical decision making	22	Reported in 10 reviews: 8 positive, 2 mixed	Reported in 19 reviews: 12 positive, 6 mixed, 1 negative	Reported in 10 reviews: 6 positive, 4 mixed	Reported in 8 reviews: 2 positive, 1 mixed, 5 negative
Improving self care and self management of chronic disease	67	Reported in 19 reviews: all positive	Reported in 40 reviews: 24 positive, 11 mixed, 5 negative	Reported in 25 reviews: 14 positive, 9 mixed, 2 negative	Reported in 50 reviews: 39 positive, 15 mixed, 6 negative
Improving patient safety	18	Reported in 4 reviews: all positive	Reported in 1 review: positive	Reported in 3 reviews: 2 positive, 1 negative	Reported in 17 reviews: 8 positive, 9 mixed