TABLE 1.

Reduction of infectious viral titers by copper oxide-containing filters

Virus	Viral strain	Viral family	Genome	E/NEa	Cells used in assay	Virus titer controlb	Virus titer Cu filterb	Log10 reduction (mean ± SD)c	P valued
Rhinovirus 2	HGP	Picornaviridae	RNA	NE	HeLa Ohio-1	4.3/7/7	3.3/3/6	2 ± 1.7	0.2
Yellow fever virus	17D	Flaviviridae	RNA	E	Vero-76	6.3/6.3/5.9	5.7/4.7/4.8	1.1 ± 0.5	<0.05
Influenza A virus	Panama/2007/99 H3N2	Orthomyxoviridae	RNA	E	MDCK	7.5/7.5/6.8	6.7/5/4.8	1.77 ± 0.87	<0.001
Measles virus	Chicago	Paramyxoviridae	RNA	E	CV-1	3.67/3.67/3.67	0/0/0	≥3.67	<0.001
Respiratory syncytial virus	A2	Paramyxoviridae	RNA	E	MA-104	4/4/4	3/2/2.5	1.5 ± 0.5	<0.01
Parainfluenza virus 3	14702	Paramyxoviridae	RNA	E	MA-104	8/8/8	7.33/6.33/7	1.11 ± 0.5	<0.05
Punta Toro virus	Adames	Bunyaviridae	RNA	E	LLC-MK2	7/6.6/6.6	3.5/6/5.5	1.73 ± 1.55	0.09
Pichinde virus	AN 4763	Arenaviridae	RNA	E	BSC-1	7.5/7.6/7	4.5/5.6/6.9	1.7 ± 1.47	0.08
HIV-1	IIIB	Retroviridae	RNA	E	MT2	6/6.5/6	0.8/2.5/1.5	4.6 ± 0.6	0.001
Adenovirus type 1	Ad-HIVluc	Adenoviridae	DNA	NE	cMAGI	5/5/5.2	2.5/3.2/2.9	2.2 ± 0.36	0.001
Cytomegalovirus	AD169	Herpesviridae	DNA	E	Fibroblasts	6/6/6	2/1.5/1.6	4.3 ± 0.26	<0.001
Vaccinia virus	WR	Poxviridae	DNA	E	Vero-76	7.4/7.6/7.6	7.4/6.7/7.1	0.47 ± 0.45	0.095

^aE, enveloped viruses; NE, nonenveloped viruses.

^bLog₁₀ PFU/ml for vaccinia virus; log₁₀ CCID₅₀/ml for the other viruses.

^cThe log reduction was calculated as log₁₀ CCID₅₀/ml of the titer obtained from the control filter minus log₁₀ CCID₅₀/ml of the filter containing copper oxide. The values are the mean and standard deviation obtained in three separate experiments.

^dt test between viral titers obtained after filtration in control filters not containing copper versus copper-containing filters.