Real-time PCR analysis of the effect of S0 addition on the transcription of key genes. A 15-liter P. furiosus culture was grown with maltose as the carbon source and S0 was added in mid-log phase. RNA samples were prepared at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min after S0 addition. The genes are those for NSR (PF1186 [open circles]), MBH (PF1423-PF1436 [closed squares]), MBX (PF1441-PF1453 [closed triangles]), SipA (PF2025 [closed diamonds]), and putative regulators (PF2051 and PF2052 [open squares]). In the case of potentially coregulated operons, the average response of all ORFs within the operon was plotted.