TABLE 2.
Transcriptional regulators required for pellicle formation and/or swarming motility
| Regulator | Pellicle formationa | Swarming motilityb | Function (reference) |
|---|---|---|---|
| abh | + | ++ | σX-related regulator (25) |
| abrB | + | − | Repressor of biofilm formation (21, 22) |
| ahrC | Delay | + | Repressor of roc operon (43) |
| alsR | + | ++ | Activator of alsSD (47) |
| ccpA | +, delay | + | Catabolite repression regulator (13, 50) |
| codY | Delay | + | Global regulator of nitrogen and amino acid metabolism (39) |
| comA | + | ++ | Two-component regulator required for competence development (14) |
| degU | − | − | Two-component regulator required for biofilm formation (40, 51) |
| hpr | ++ | + | Repressor of degradative enzymes (46) |
| purR | ++ | + | Repressor of the pur operon (55) |
| resD | − | ++ | Two-component regulator required for aerobic and anaerobic respiration (41) |
| sigD | Delay | − | Sigma factor required for flagellar and autolysin (1, 10) |
| sigH | − | ++ | Sigma factor required for biofilm formation (6) |
| sigX | + | + | Sigma factor required for modification of cell envelope (9) |
| sinR | Delay | − | Repressor of the eps operon and the sipW operon (11, 33) |
| slr | − | ++ | Unknownc |
| spo0A | − | ++ | Two-component regulator required for biofilm formation (6, 21) |
| spo0J | ++ | + | Required for chromosome segregation and sporulation (27) |
| ydcN | + | + | Putative phage repressor |
| glvR | ++ | + | Activator of the glvAR-malP operon (56) |
| yvrH | + | ++ | Two-component regulator required for cell surface proteins and the sigX operon (48) |
| cysL | + | ++ | Activator of the cysJI operon (20) |
| rok | + | ++ | Regulator of cell surface proteins and extracellular proteins (2) |
a
Pellicle formation in 2× SGG was scored as equivalent to that of ATCC 6051 (++), unusual pellicle formation (+), no pellicle formation (−), or delayed pellicle formation (delay).
b
Swarming motility was scored as equivalent to that of ATCC 6051 (++), poor (+), or nonexistent (−).
c
slr is annotated as an activator of sporulation and competence in the SubtiList database (http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/), but no literature exists.