FIG. 4.

Relative mRNA levels of the sigM gene of a C. glutamicum culture following the application of different stress conditions. The stress conditions were heat shock at 50°C, cold shock at 10°C, disulfide stress caused by 2 mM diamide, oxidative stress caused by 1% hydrogen peroxide, salt stress caused by 1 M NaCl, and alcohol stress caused by 10% ethanol. After stress application, the cells were washed with MM1 medium and total RNA was extracted. The relative amounts of sigM transcripts were subsequently determined by real-time RT-PCR and calculated in relation to that of an untreated control culture. The measurements were carried out with three biological and two technical replicates.