Table III.

Expression level of various genes in response to high temperature grain filling

The values of microarray and dot-blot hybridization are means of the data obtained from independent hybridizations (n = 2 and 4, respectively).

Accession No.	Description	Gene Namea	Microarray			Dot-Blot Hybridization			RT-PCR	Identified as
			Fold- Change	25°C/20°C	33°C/28°C	Fold- Change	25°C/20°C	33°C/28°C	Fold- Changeb
Starch/carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes
AK070431	Rice waxy	GBSSI	0.35	207,723	73,043	0.82	2,836	2,474	0.50
AK102058	Rice GBSS II precursor	GBSSII	0.61	938	576	0.65	1,247	863
AK109458	Rice sp. japonica soluble SS	SSI	0.97	3,092	2,985				1.25
AK101978	Rice putative soluble SS II-3	SSIIa	0.77	33,221	25,656				0.87
AK066446	Rice soluble SS II-2	SSIIb	0.93	2,488	2,315
AK072339	Rice soluble SS II-1	SSIIc	0.78	758	593
AK061604	Unknown expressed protein	SSIIIa	0.90	3,711	3,354				0.90
AK059368	Wheat SS III	SSIIIb	0.95	2,142	2,028
AK066808	Wheat SS isoform IV; nuclear gene for plastid product	SSIVa	1.11	986	1,097
AK067577	Wheat SS isoform IV; nuclear gene for plastid product	SSIVb	0.92	5,173	4,771
AK065121	Rice (japonica cultivar group) BE-I	BEI	1.06	12,259	12,946				0.82
AK108535	Rice BE-3	BEIIb	0.41	127,584	52,108	0.81	2,298	1,970	0.59
AB093426	Rice (japonica cultivar group) isoamylase	ISA1							0.94
AK101554	Maize isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme ISO3 (iso3)	ISA3	0.93	307	284
AB012915	Rice starch debranching enzyme	PUL							0.83
AK101744	Rice α-amylase, clone pOS103	Amy1A	1.10	280	308				2.43
AK059671	Rice Amyc2 α-amylase	Amy2A	1.03	380	393
AK063988	Rice α-amylase, clone pOS137	Amy3A	1.02	727	739
AK101358	α-Amylase	Amy3C	1.22	206	251
AK064124	Rice α-amylase, clone pOS137	Amy3D	1.31	128	168				2.29
AK064300	α-Amylase	Amy3E	3.39	4,367	14,799				2.26
AK065152	Arabidopsis putative α-amylase (At1g69830/T17F3_14)	Amy4A	0.77	952	737
AK070300	Arabidopsis At5g45300 putative β-amylase: RAFL16-68-D16	(Bamy)	0.97	9,573	9,321
AK067249	Arabidopsis putative β-amylase (At3g23920)	(Bamy)	0.93	1,430	1,329
AK068968	Arabidopsis putative β-amylase (At3g23920)	(Bamy)	1.18	1,365	1,617
AK100910	Rice (japonica cultivar group) AGP large subunit	AGPL1	0.88	4,756	4,165				1.03
AK071497	Rice AGP large subunit	AGPL2	0.69	71,750	49,582	0.79	1,833	1,522	0.74
AK069296	Barley AGP large subunit (blpl)	AGPL3	0.48	842	407
AK121036	Citrullus lanatus AGP large subunit 2 (wml2)	AGPL4				1.22	884	1,140
AK073146	Rice AGP small subunit	AGPS1	0.57	9,680	5,565	0.91	1,124	1,079	0.67
AK071826	Rice AGP 51-kD subunit	AGPS2a	0.79	69,403	54,531	0.97	2,447	2,502
AK103906	Rice AGP 51-kD subunit	AGPS2b				1.12	2,257	2,670	0.64
AK121403	Rice (japonica cultivar group) OsCIN1 cell wall invertase	CIN1				1.05	1,217	1,347
AK072276	Maize cultivar W22 inbred cell wall invertase 2 (Incw2)	CIN2	0.88	4,737	4,152
AK120779	Rice (japonica cultivar group) cell wall invertase 3	CIN3				0.67	1,207	854
AK069080	Triticum monococcum extracellular invertase (exin1)	INV1	1.02	5,862	5,978
AK099312	Rice (indica cultivar group) ‘IR64’ vacuolar invertase 1	INV2				0.62	1,327	876
AK072245	Lolium temulentum putative soluble acid invertase (inv1:4)	INV3	0.82	1,358	1,111
AK061240	Rice (indica cultivar group) invertase (INV)	(INV)	0.91	2,078	1,898
AK103334	Rice (indica cultivar group) invertase (INV)	(INV)	1.12	289	325
AK100373	Lolium temulentum alkaline/neutral invertase	(INV)	1.01	1,963	1,975
AK065130	Allium cepa invertase	(INV)	1.14	695	794
AK100334	Bambusa oldhamii clone BSUS1b SuSy 2	SuSy1	1.05	2,477	2,590
AK072074	Rice SuSy	SuSy2	0.77	22,992	17,803	0.86	1,322	1,202	0.58
AK100306	Wheat SuSy type 2	SuSy3	0.57	32,652	18,686	0.93	1,451	1,422	0.81
AK099406	Maize SuSy 3	SuSy4	0.70	3,673	2,557	0.83	1,768	1,549
AK065549	Citrus unshiu CitSUSA SuSy	SuSy5	1.01	233	235
AK063304	Arabidopsis putative SuSy (At4g02280)	SuSy6	0.95	359	341
AK071525	Maize Suc-phosphatase (spp1)	(SPP)	1.05	282	297
AK063330	Aegilops speltoides Suc-phosphatase	(SPP)	0.90	1,972	1,781
AK063433	Barley Suc-phosphate synthase	(SPS)	0.88	233	205
AK069527	Maize Suc-phosphate synthase	(SPS)	1.18	225	265
AK071732	Saccharum officinarum SoSPS2 premature mRNA for Suc-phosphate synthase	(SPS)	0.82	1,085	885
AK101676	Oncidium ‘Goldiana’ Suc-phosphate synthase (SPS)	(SPS)	0.99	1,147	1,139
AK065780	Rice (japonica cultivar group) UGP, UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase	UGP	0.60	5,831	3,506				0.95
AK071248	Rice sp. indica UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UDPGase)	(UGP)	0.77	467	358
AK112015	Rice sp. indica UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UDPGase)	(UGP)	1.01	500	503
AK068061	Arabidopsis clone C105270 putative Glc-6-P isomerase (At4g24620)	PGI-a	0.70	6,872	4,792	0.64	810	545	0.84
AK068236	Rice phospho-Glc isomerase (Pgi-b)	PGI-b	0.74	2,226	1,656	1.06	947	1,061	0.91
AK100027	Rice (japonica cultivar group) Suc transporter	SUT1	1.01	2,198	2,219				0.72
AK109461	Barley Suc transporter 2 (sut2)	SUT2	1.05	1,318	1,381
AK071452	Rice (japonica cultivar group) OsSUT3 Suc transporter	SUT3	1.30	288	376
AK065430	Vitis vinifera putative Suc transporter (VvSUC12)	SUT4	0.91	512	467
AK073105	Maize Suc transporter	SUT5	0.99	294	292
AK060577	Rice GPT	GPT1	0.82	26,786	21,997	0.59	1,135	712	0.66
AK070124	Pisum sativum GPT precursor, nuclear gene encoding plastid protein	GPT2	1.06	1,978	2,094
AK065618	Rice GPT putative Glc-6-P/phosphate-translocator	(GPT)	0.94	1,274	1,191
AK062253	Rice GPT putative Glc-6-P/phosphate-translocator	(GPT)	0.93	1,520	1,417
AK103471	Solanum tuberosum brittle1 protein	BT1-1	1.20	820	986	1.47	782	1,219
AK107368	Maize brittle-1 protein (bt1)	BT1-2	0.89	188,078	166,841	0.92	2,043	1,993	0.70
AK063766	Rice starch phosphorylase L isozyme	PHOL	0.49	31,965	15,598	0.45	2,211	1,050
AK103367	Rice starch phosphorylase H isozyme	PHOH	1.02	2,329	2,366
AK067082	Arabidopsis 4-α-glucanotransferase (At2g40840)	DPE2	0.88	2,678	2,344
AK065739	Rice sp. indica cyPPDKB	PPDKA	1.53	2,107	3,221				1.26
AK068025	Rice (japonica cultivar group) orthophosphate dikinase	PPDKB	0.45	10,499	4,705				0.43
Storage proteins
AK108254	Rice 10-kD prolamin	10kD Pro	1.01	37,957	38,427
AF194115	Rice Prolamin 7	Pro 7				0.72	8,422	6,379	0.57	DS16 (down- regulated)
S39468	Rice 13-kD prolamin	13kD Pro				0.85	7,761	6,967	0.42	DS86 (down- regulated)
AK107785	Rice prolamin, clone: λ RM9	16kD Pro	1.39	143,851	200,016	1.24	4,740	6,212	1.03
AK107238	Rice preproglutelin	Glu RG21	0.95	292,967	277,529
AK064478	Rice glutelin, clone: λ RG55	Glu RG55	1.60	131,410	209,827	1.38	5,903	8,618	0.95
AK107285	Rice glutelin type I (clone pREE 103)	Glu type I	1.15	241,921	277,110	1.17	10,526	13,054	0.78	DS18 (up- regulated)
AK107314	Rice glutelin type II (clone pREE 99)	Glu type II	0.94	182,855	171,010	1.23	10,346	13,473	0.97	DS72 (up- regulated)
AK107343	Rice glutelin	Glu B-1	0.82	242,697	198,004	0.92	9,150	8,924	0.72	DS91 (down- regulated)
AK107271	Rice glutelin 1 (Gt22)	Glu A-3	0.86	250,840	215,299
AK105347	Rice globulin-like protein, clone Ose710	Glb-like	2.60	8,580	22,322	2.63	1,231	3,418	0.94
AK107328	Rice (japonica cultivar group) allergenic protein, clone RA14b	RAG2	1.66	200,925	333,657	1.55	4,564	7,464	1.20	DS108 (up- regulated)
AK068268	Rice PDI	PDI	0.53	22,285	11,748	0.56	3,818	2,244	0.68
HSPs
AK105433	Rice HSP (HSP101)	HSP101	1.91	1,091	2,082	1.39	576	846	1.32
AK063751	Wheat HSP80-2 protein	HSP82	2.95	185	546	1.15	889	1,085	3.04
AK065431	Spinacia oleracea heat shock C70 protein	HSP70	1.80	8,498	15,267	2.02	1,564	3,333	2.70
AK063618	Rice HSP 26	HSP26	6.72	2,007	13,497	1.40	657	974	2.63
AK063700	Arabidopsis Columbia endomembrane-localized small HSP AtHSP22.0	HSP22a	1.62	3,597	5,825	0.59	683	424	6.73
AK107883	Glycine max low-Mr HSP Hsp22.3 (Gmhsp22.3)	HSP22b	2.69	156	419	1.57	1,004	1,665	1.99
AK071240	Maize an 18-kD HSP	HSP16.9	2.34	3,268	7,661	1.76	861	1,605	1.42
AK106545	Arabidopsis HSF 7 (hsf7)	HSF	1.69	1,223	2,069	1.16	824	1,010	4.31
Up-regulated genes
AK063493	Barley lipid transfer protein 7a2b		5.26	913	4,804
AK066733	Avena fatua aldose reductase-related protein		5.24	1,080	5,659
AK073443	Digitalis lanata lanatoside 15-O-acetylesterase		4.42	1,736	7,680	1.45	955	1,462
AK103890	Maize ubiquitin/ribosomal protein S27a fusion protein		4.04	285	1,150	1.10	1,542	1,789
AK064058	Unknown expressed protein		3.43	433	1,486	1.87	623	1,230
AK064356	Rice class III chitinase homolog (OsChib3H-h), clone: S2321		3.36	972	3,264
AK102970	Rice pathogenesis-related thaumatin-like protein		3.23	3,185	10,276
AK107696	Unknown expressed protein		3.20	42,783	136,988
AK105832	Rice (japonica cultivar group) OsENOD93a early nodulin		3.10	5,542	17,179	1.85	793	1,554
AK069098	Rice Ramy1 (ramy1)		3.10	17,492	54,194	1.86	739	1,455
AK110620	Arabidopsis putative terminal Flower 1 protein (At1g18100)		3.07	1,001	3,076	1.55	809	1,324
AK073843	Rice (japonica cultivar group) chitinase		3.06	464	1,419	1.57	728	1,212
AK105267	Arabidopsis unknown protein (At5g01220)		3.05	1,195	3,638	1.84	491	954
AK062520	Rice lectin-like protein		2.94	786	2,308
AK059202	Unknown expressed protein		2.89	8,256	23,886
AK063504	Wheat (cDNA I) EC protein		2.87	15,008	43,048
AK063126	Rice glucanase (GLU)		2.72	2,581	7,026	0.99	725	758
AK107301	Arabidopsis purple acid phosphatase (PAP20)		2.66	4,062	10,796	1.50	861	1,364
AK073083	Rice embryo-specific (Ose705) mRNA		2.60	92,487	240,067
AK099481	Rice U2 snRNP auxiliary factor, small subunit 35a		2.52	1,060	2,674	1.42	723	1,087
AK062619	Unknown expressed protein		2.52	998	2,515	1.97	554	1,157
AK064494	Unknown expressed protein		2.48	10,200	25,337
AK067257	Rice Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor		2.44	47,097	114,783
AK059772	Rice (japonica cultivar group) OsENOD93a early nodulin		2.37	1,909	4,531
AK061304	Rice sp. japonica clone S2148_A putative glutathione S-transferase OsGSTU3		2.35	705	1,655	1.02	763	826
AK070191	Unknown expressed protein		2.21	1,496	3,313
AK063796	Rice sp. japonica clone C63266_1A putative glutathione S-transferase OsGSTF5		2.21	756	1,672	1.26	670	892
AK058507	Nicotiana tabacum LIM-domain protein		2.21	2,879	6,362
AK108569	Arabidopsis At5g24230 unknown protein, clone: RAFL21-45-L01		2.18	6,823	14,872
AK108237	Ananas comosus polyphenol oxidase		2.13	1,577	3,361
AK102261	Arabidopsis clone 37751 mRNA		2.12	1,542	3,277
AK058291	Barley xyloglucan endotransglycosylase-like protein (XEB)		2.11	555	1,170
AK067373	Unknown expressed protein		2.10	2,319	4,872
AK099995	Unknown expressed protein		2.10	10,458	21,971
AK061288	Rice lipid transfer protein LPT IV		2.08	34,166	70,911
AK107215	Rice (japonica cultivar group) allergenic protein, clone RA14c		2.07	61,386	127,317
AK100844	Rice FK506 binding protein		2.07	2,286	4,735
AK063691	Rice rab25		2.06	16,210	33,460	1.59	665	1,122
AK102146	Rice vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase		2.06	5,505	11,323
AK062831	Rice (japonica cultivar group) thionin Osthi1		2.04	666	1,360
AK105316	Rice early embryogenesis protein (OSE351)		1.99	135,819	269,660
AK108345	Maize peroxidase (pox1)		1.96	803	1,571	1.27	676	911
AK063584	Rice elicitor-responsive gene-3 (ERG3)		1.95	1,660	3,240
AK069446	Rice (japonica cultivar group) catalase		1.92	1,234	2,372	1.10	814	944
AK063592	Rice hydrophobic LEA-like protein		1.87	5,710	10,657	1.08	773	886
Down-regulated genes
AK059459	Unknown expressed protein		0.11	7,257	825
AK107610	Arabidopsis putative subtilisin Ser protease (At2g05920)		0.22	3,145	697
AK072149	Anthoceros formosae chloroplast rps3, rpl22, ribosomal protein S3, ribosomal protein L22		0.24	1,238	294	0.15	1,002	163
AK064209	Lycopersicon esculentum RNA-directed RNA polymerase		0.24	339	82
AK066203	Unknown expressed protein		0.25	6,004	1,506	0.42	1,041	466
AK107401	Arabidopsis Ser carboxypeptidase (At5g36180)		0.27	1,856	497	0.81	1,068	911
AK061920	Rice EN242		0.32	26,483	8,482	0.99	1,090	1,142
AK073415	Rice sp. japonica putative glutathione S-transferase OsGSTZ2		0.32	31,443	10,106
AK062797	A. formosae chloroplast Ycf4 protein		0.36	2,275	828	0.21	808	179
AK103804	Arabidopsis At4g31120 putative kinase binding protein, clone: RAFL19-91-C03		0.38	1,461	557	0.43	1,239	561
AK107707	Unknown expressed protein		0.39	348	136	0.62	1,359	892
AK063467	Arabidopsis Glu dehydrogenase 2 (GDH2)		0.41	2,868	1,172	0.91	984	950
AK107986	Rice (japonica cultivar group) floral organ regulator 1 (FOR1)		0.41	381	157	0.97	1,560	1,608
AK101511	Unknown expressed protein		0.42	3,610	1,510	0.87	1,666	1,533
AK103071	Unknown expressed protein		0.42	3,068	1,293	0.85	1,097	984
AK107597	Unknown expressed protein		0.44	2,846	1,242	0.89	1,447	1,357
AK064573	Arabidopsis putative signal recognition particle protein (At5g61970)		0.44	1,859	815
AK101962	Arabidopsis putative pectin methylesterase (At5g09760)		0.45	4,964	2,217	0.81	1,400	1,196
AK069206	Rice OSK3		0.45	17,820	8,014
AK059231	Arabidopsis clone 6145 mRNA		0.45	133,348	60,330
AK058903	Rice acyl carrier protein II		0.46	10,006	4,634
AK070669	Arabidopsis putative subtilisin Ser protease ARA12 (At5g67360)		0.46	1,531	712
AK059234	L. esculentum (‘Rutgers’) ribosomal protein S25		0.46	10,164	4,724
AK058954	Arabidopsis At4g21105 unknown protein, clone: RAFL19-89-M12		0.47	11,409	5,329	0.75	1,661	1,318
AK108210	Unknown expressed protein		0.47	190,252	89,440
AK062052	Maize ribosomal protein L17 (rpl17)		0.47	6,637	3,124
AK060247	A. formosae chloroplast rps7 ribosomal protein S7		0.47	20,809	9,826
AK072845	Rice putative histone deacetylase HD2		0.48	5,248	2,498	0.71	1,921	1,451
AK100959	Rice β-expansin (EXPB3)		0.48	12,169	5,866
AK062048	Wheat Sec61p (sec61)		0.48	6,665	3,216
AK102932	Arabidopsis putative C3HC4 zinc finger protein (At2g30580/T6B20.7)		0.49	4,118	2,018	0.90	1,239	1,178
AK059477	Maize chloroplast large ribosomal protein 2 (rpl2)		0.50	9,265	4,610
AK071514	Elaeis guineensis clone opsc112 protein disulfide isomerase		0.50	49,301	24,556	0.86	1,291	1,177
AK061951	Lupinus luteus tRNA-Gln synthetase		0.50	2,429	1,221
AK072751	Lolium perenne nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK)		0.52	30,084	15,533	0.74	2,059	1,602

^aNames in parentheses indicate tentative categories, not gene names.

^bThe fold-change ratio for RT-PCR analysis is the ratio of cumulative expression levels for 8 to 30 DAF.