ChIP assays of the CHOP gene from human islets. Human islets were cultured in the indicated glucose concentrations, and binding of transcription factors to segments of the CHOP promoter was analyzed by ChIP assay. (A) PCR products from ChIP assays of regions −954 to +3,238 bp of the CHOP gene in islets in 5.5 mM or 16 mM glucose. Triangles reflect the 1-, 10-, and 100-fold dilution of material used as input in PCR reactions. (B) PCR products from ChIP assays of regions −472 to −226 or +2,514 to + 2,805 bp in islets cultured in indicated glucose in the presence or absence of U0126 with 100-fold dilution of material as input for the PCR reactions. n = 3. (C) PCR products from ChIP assays of regions −472 to −226 or +2,514 to + 2,805 bp in islets cultured in 5.5 mM glucose and exposed to 16 mM glucose for 30 min or 30 mM K+ for 5 min in the presence or absence of U0126 with 100-fold dilution of material as input for the PCR reactions. n = 3. (D) Immunoblot for MafA expression in Min6 cells, 293, and human islets in 5.5 mM or 16 mM glucose. All blots were performed at least three times.