Resveratrol protects against p25 and mutant SOD1 toxicity. (A) No toxicity observed in GFP-transfected neurons treated with resveratrol for 48 h (50–500 nM). For all experiments (A–E), primary rat neurons were transfected at DIV 5–7 with plasmids, and resveratrol was added to the medium at 3 h after transfection. Characterization of neuronal integrity was performed 24–48 h after transfection. Scale bar, 40 μm. (B) Representative confocal images of dying and healthy neurons transfected with p25-GFP, and untreated or treated with resveratrol (250 nM) for 24 h, respectively. Inset in DAPI-only panel is a magnification of the nucleus of the transfected neuron, as indicated by arrow. Scale bar, 20 μm. (C) Quantifications of p25-GFP-induced cell death in neurons untreated or treated with 250 nM resveratrol for 24 h expressed in percent (%) (54±12.2 versus 27±8%; **P(T⩽t) two tails: 0.003). (D) Representative confocal images of neurons transfected with SOD1G93A-FLAG, and untreated or treated with 250 nM resveratrol for 48 h. Right panels are magnifications of the boxed area shown in the left panel. Arrowheads indicate regions of SOD1 aggregation. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) Quantifications of SOD1G93A-FLAG-induced cell death in neurons untreated or treated with 250 nM resveratrol for 48 h expressed in percent (%) (52±3 versus 28±3%; ***P(T⩽t) two tails: <0.001).