Table 2.
Biological Activity of κA-PIVE Assayed by Animal Injections
| Assay | Dosage nmol/g | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| goldfish (i.m. and i.p.) | < 0.3 (N = 3) | No obvious effects. |
| goldfish (i.m. and i.p.) | 0.3-0.6 (N = 4) | Immediate signs of hyperactivity as well as spasmodic, uncoordinated lunging, loss of equilibrium/tilting. |
| goldfish (i.m. and i.p.) | 0.6–1.5 (N = 6) | Immediate partial or complete immobilization observed, followed by recovery and hyperactivity within less than 10 minutes. In some cases, the signs of hyperactivity increased over a 1hr period. Fish also exhibited spasmodic, uncoordinated lunging, and loss of equilibrium/tilting. Fish did not always fully recover. |
| goldfish (i.m. and i.p.) | > 1.5 (N = 5) | Immediate immobilization observed. Fish either died or only partially recovered from the immobilization within the 4–hour post-injection observation period. |
| mouse (subcutaneous and i.p.) | 2-5 (N = 7) | No obvious effects. |
| mouse (i.c.) | 1–15a (N = 10) | No obvious effects. Possibly mildly excitatory at high dosages. |
a
Total nanomoles injected i.c. are reported, rather than nmol/g.