Figure 3.

Phylogenetic tree based on chromosomal changes characterized in Paenungulata (elephant, LAF; manatee, TMA and hyrax, PCA) mapped relative to the outgroup taxon, the aardvark (OAF) (see figure 2 and text for details). Chromosome pairs deemed to have been present in the ancestral paenungulate (2n=58) are presented. Divergence estimates are taken from Springer et al. (2003). Inv, inversion; cr, centromere repositioning.