Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all participants subdivided according to treatment
| Placebo n = 164 | MK-4 n = 161 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropomorphic variables: | |||
| Age (years) | 66.0 ± 0.5 | 65.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 |
| Years since menopause | 17.7 ± 0.7 | 17.2 ± 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.8 ± 1.0 | 70.3 ± 0.9 | 0.3 |
| Height (cm) | 162 ± 0.5 | 161 ± 0.5 | 0.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 ± 0.3 | 27.1 ± 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Calcium intake (mg/day) | 811 ± 26 | 870 ± 32 | 0.1 |
| Non-smoking (%) | 87 | 87 | 1.0 |
| Bone density characteristics: | |||
| DXA-BMD (g/cm2) of: femoral neck | 0.688 ± 0.007 | 0.706 ± 0.008 | 0.1 |
| Total hip | 0.842 ± 0.009 | 0.861 ± 0.008 | 0.1 |
| Lumbar L2-L4 | 0.931 ± 0.012 | 0.929 ± 0.013 | 0.9 |
| BMC (g) of: femoral neck | 3.54 ± 0.04 | 3.65 ± 0.04 | 0.06 |
| Total hip | 30.6 ± 0.43 | 31.4 ± 0.39 | 0.2 |
| Lumbar L2-L4 | 43.1 ± 0.72 | 42.4 ± 0.76 | 0.6 |
| Hip geometry: | |||
| Mean FNW (cm) | 3.43 ± 0.02 | 3.45 ± 0.017 | 0.4 |
| HAL (cm) | 11.6 ± 0.07 | 11.7 ± 0.06 | 0.2 |
| Bone strength indices: | |||
| CSI (g/kg.m) | 3.41 ± 0.055 | 3.52 ± 0.052 | 0.1 |
| BSI (g/kg.m) | 1.00 ± 0.017 | 1.04 ± 0.017 | 0.2 |
| ISI (g/kg.m) | 0.24 ± 0.004 | 0.26 ± 0.004 | 0.03 |
| Serum markers for bone metabolism: | |||
| c-OC (ng/mL) | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 |
| uc-OC (ng/mL) | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 |
| t-OC (ng/mL) | 13.2 ± 0.4 | 13.2 ± 0.5 | 0.7 |
| BAP (ng/mL) | 23.1 ± 0.7 | 23.6 ± 0.8 | 0.2 |
| NTX (nM) | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 10.7 ± 0.3 | 0.5 |
| 25-OH D (nM) | 67.2 ± 2.3 | 72.3 ± 2.6 | 0.09 |
| Urine markers for bone metabolism: | |||
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 1.0 |
| DPD / creat (μmol/mol) | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 7.5 ± 0.2 | 0.7 |
| Calcium / creat (mol/mol) | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.7 |
Only the BMC and the impact strength index of the femoral neck in the MK-4 group were slightly higher than in the placebo one. This difference is accounted for by expressing MK-4-induced changes as a percentage of the baseline values. All data are given ± SE.