Effect of the β-chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β on HIV infection of macrophages. Mφ were isolated from the PBMC of two HIV-seronegative donors (A and B), allowed to differentiate for 7 days, and then infected with HIV-1SF162. The cultures were maintained in serum-free Mφ medium in the absence or presence of a mixture of 5, 50, or 500 ng/ml of each of the β-chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. Cell-free culture fluids were collected every 3 days and monitored for particle-associated RT activity. The data represent results of three experiments and were obtained during peak RT activity in the control group.