Table 3.
Relative Risks of Developing Hypertension, According to Baseline Body Mass Index and Cigarette Smoking Status
| Baseline BMI quintile (kg/m2) | P for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <22.4 | 22.4–23.6 | 23.7–24.7 | 24.8–26.4 | >26.4 | ||
| Current smokers at baseline (n=1440) | ||||||
| No. (%) of men | 261 (18.1) | 281 (19.5) | 257 (17.8) | 301 (20.9) | 340 (23.6) | |
| No. of hypertension cases | 78 | 96 | 101 | 122 | 146 | |
| Rate (No. per 1000 person-yrs) | 26.8 | 30.5 | 36.1 | 36.0 | 42.6 | |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.80–1.45) | 1.33 (0.99–1.79) | 1.35 (1.01–1.79) | 1.67 (1.27–2.20) | <0.001 |
| Model 1* RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 1.35 (1.00–1.83) | 1.37 (1.03–1.83) | 1.69 (1.27–2.24) | <0.001 |
| Model 2† RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.80–1.47) | 1.33 (0.98–1.80) | 1.35 (1.01–1.80) | 1.68 (1.27–2.23) | <0.001 |
| Never smokers at baseline (n=7016) | ||||||
| No. (%) of men | 1535 (21.9) | 1458 (20.8) | 1376 (19.6) | 1362 (19.4) | 1285 (18.3) | |
| No. of hypertension cases | 408 | 451 | 457 | 532 | 545 | |
| Rate (No. per 1000 person-yrs) | 21.1 | 25.2 | 27.5 | 34.3 | 38.6 | |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 1.24 (1.09–1.42) | 1.61 (1.42–1.83) | 1.75 (1.54–1.99) | <0.001 |
| Model 1* RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 1.25 (1.09–1.43) | 1.63 (1.43–1.85) | 1.77 (1.55–2.01) | <0.001 |
| Model 2† RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 1.62 (1.42–1.85) | 1.75 (1.53–1.99) | <0.001 |
| Past smokers at baseline (n=5083) | ||||||
| No.(%) of men | 925 (18.2) | 1007 (19.8) | 1030 (20.3) | 1023 (20.1) | 1098 (21.6) | |
| No. of hypertension cases | 267 | 360 | 385 | 434 | 525 | |
| Rate (No. per 1000 person-yrs) | 23.8 | 30.9 | 32.7 | 38.1 | 46.6 | |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.08–1.48) | 1.35 (1.16–1.58) | 1.54 (1.32–1.80) | 1.95 (1.68–2.26) | <0.001 |
| Model 1* RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.08–1.49) | 1.36 (1.16–1.60) | 1.56 (1.33–1.82) | 2.00 (1.72–2.33) | <0.001 |
| Model 2† RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.28 (1.09–1.50) | 1.38 (1.17–1.61) | 1.57 (1.34–1.83) | 2.01 (1.73–2.34) | <0.001 |
*
Model 1 – adjusted for baseline age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and parental history of myocardial infarction before the age of 60 years.
†
Model 2 – adjusted for all variables in Model 1 plus history of diabetes and elevated cholesterol.