Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Feb;48(2):652–660. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1007

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effect of caffeine on UV irradiation– and melphalan-induced JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis. (A) Effect of caffeine in the presence of wortmannin (a inhibitor of PI3K) on UV irradiation–induced JNK phosphorylation. (B) Effect of suppressing PI3K activity with wortmannin on UV irradiation–induced HCE cell apoptosis. HCE cells were treated with caffeine in the absence and presence of wortmannin for 30 minutes before exposure of cells to UV irradiation. Western blot analysis was performed to detect JNK activation 15 minutes after UV irradiation. Cell viability was determined by using EB/AO staining 6 hours after UV exposure. (C) Effect of caffeine on melphalan-induced JNK activation. (D) Effect of caffeine on melphalan-induced HCE cell apoptosis. Melphalan (100 μg/mL) was added to culture medium in the presence or absence of caffeine, and cells were harvested for Western blot analysis 1 hour after treatment. HCE cell viability was measured by EB/AO staining 18 hours after the drug treatment. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test (P < 0.001, n = 6).