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Effect of caffeine on UV irradiation–induced activation of SEK-1 and ASK1. (A) Suppression of UV irradiation–induced SEK1 phosphorylation by 5 mM caffeine. (B) Inhibition of UV irradiation–induced ASK1 kinase activation by 5 mM caffeine. SEK1 phosphorylation was determined by Western blot analysis with the anti-phospho-SEK1 antibody. ASK1 kinase activity was measured by and immunocomplex kinase assay. MBP was used as a substrate in the kinase assay.
