VIGS of individual MPKs attenuates systemin-induced late gene expression. 35S::prosys plants were infiltrated with pTRV-MPK1 (A and B), -MPK2 (C and D), -MPK3 (E–G), or -GFP (Control, A–G). Four weeks later, MPK, PI-I, and PI-II transcript levels and PI-II protein levels were determined in leaf tissue by sqRT-PCR and RIDAs, respectively. (A, C, and E) MPK, PI, and Actin transcript levels. Ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels of PCR products are shown (colors inverted). (B, D, and F) MPK transcript levels and PI-II protein levels. The levels in VIGS plants (mean ± SD) (open bars) were expressed as percentages of the mean levels in control plants (filled bars), which were defined as 100% (n ≥ 5; ≥ 2 independent experiments; mean PI-II in controls of B, D, and F: 78 ± 15, 61 ± 16, and 75 ± 14 μg/ml leaf juice, respectively). (G) Ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels of PCR products corresponding to the early genes AOS, AOC, and LoxD, and to the late genes PI-I and PI-II in pTRV-MPK3- and pTRV-GFP-infiltrated control plants (n = 8; four independent experiments).