Table 4.
Risk Ratios for Death Outcome from Linxian Trials*
| Study | Author (Year) | Type of Death | Intervention† | Sample Size | Follow up (y) | # of Deaths | RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linxian Dysplasia | Li (1993)12 | All cause | Supplement | 1,657 | 6 | 157 | 0.94 (0.77, 1.16) |
| Placebo | 1,661 | 167 | |||||
| Li (1993)12 | cancer | Supplement | 1,657 | 87 | 0.98 (0.74, 1.31) | ||
| Placebo | 1,661 | 89 | |||||
| Li (1993)12 | Esophageal cancer | Supplement | 1,657 | 38 | 0.87 (0.56, 1.33) | ||
| Placebo | 1,661 | 44 | |||||
| Linxian General Population | Blot (1993)13 | All cause | A+B | 3,701 | 5.25 | 265 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.11) |
| A+C | 3,694 | 296 | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) | ||||
| A+D | 3,703 | 250 | 0.89 (0.75, 1.05) | ||||
| B+C | 3,691 | 268 | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) | ||||
| B+D | 3,699 | 263 | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | ||||
| C+D | 3,705 | 249 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.04) | ||||
| A+B+C+D | 3,712 | 256 | 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) | ||||
| Placebo | 3,679 | 280 | |||||
| C | 14,802 | 1,069 | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) | ||||
| No C | 14,782 | 1,058 | |||||
| D | 14,819 | 1,018 | 0.91 (0.84, 0.99) | ||||
| No D | 14,765 | 1,109 | |||||
| Blot (1993)13 | Cancer death | A+B | 3,701 | 5.25 | 94 | 0.87 (0.66, 1.15) | |
| A+C | 3,694 | 121 | 1.13 (0.87, 1.45) | ||||
| A+D | 3,703 | 81 | 0.75 (0.57, 1.00) | ||||
| B+C | 3,691 | 101 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.23) | ||||
| B+D | 3,699 | 103 | 0.96 (0.73, 1.25) | ||||
| C+D | 3,705 | 90 | 0.84 (0.63, 1.10) | ||||
| A+B+C+D | 3,712 | 95 | 0.88 (0.67, 1.16) | ||||
| Placebo | 3,679 | 107 | |||||
| C | 14,802 | 407 | 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) | ||||
| No C | 14,782 | 385 | |||||
| D | 14,819 | 369 | 0.87 (0.76, 1.00) | ||||
| No D | 14,765 | 423 |
*
Additional studies for which RR could not be calculated are discussed in the text and displayed in the Evidence Table in Appendix A.
A, retinol plus zinc; B, riboflavin plus niacin; C, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plus molybdenum; D, β-carotene plus vitamin E and selenium, RR, risk ratio.