Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Jul 17.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Chest Med. 2007 Mar;28(1):23–vii. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2006.11.010

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Histological patterns of endothelial cell injury and lesions in IPAH. (A–C). Plexiform lesion (B) with high magnification of proliferated endothelial cells in A. A luminal projection of endothelial cells is highlighted by an arrowhead while cells in cellular core are marked by an arrow. In B, the proximal segment is shown in high magnification, highlighting the atypical endothelial cell (arrowheads) facing the vascular lumen, while a myxoid component organized as concentric layers of smooth muscle cells is highlighted by the arrow. D. A similar pattern of abnormal endothelial cells (arrowhead) and the myxoid subendothelial layer (arrow) are highlighted. E. An intimal projection is highlighted (arrowhead). F. Increased number of endothelial cells (arrowheads) in the intima while the myxoid subintimal layer is highlighted by the arrow. These lesions (B, D–F) contain usually endothelial cells that can be highlighted by Factor VIII related antigen immunohistochemistry. The cluster of endothelial cells possibly represents early plexiform lesions. G. Shown is a concentric lesion (arrowhead) with adjacent smooth muscle-like cells (arrow).