Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics: Overall and Stratified by CESD-10 Score
| Variable | Overall Group | No Significant Depressive Symptoms* | Significant Depressive Symptoms* | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age, years | 43.8 (8.4) | 44.5 (8.2) | 43.2 (8.6) | NS |
| Gender | ||||
| Male, N (%) | 387 (86.0) | 181 (46.8) | 206 (53.2) | NS |
| Female, N (%) | 63 (14.0) | 28 (44.4) | 35 (55.6) | |
| Race/ethnicity, | ||||
| Caucasian, N (%) | 204 (45.3) | 94 (46.1) | 110 (53.9) | NS |
| Minority, N (%) | 246 (54.7) | 115 (46.8) | 131 (53.3) | |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| Heterosexual, N (%) | 148 (32.9) | 64 (43.2) | 84 (56.8) | NS |
| Nonheterosexual, N (%) | 302 (67.1) | 145 (48.0) | 157 (52.0) | |
| Religious affiliation | ||||
| Has affiliation, N (%) | 358 (79.6) | 174 (48.6) | 184 (51.4) | NS |
| No affiliation, N (%) | 92 (20.4) | 35 (38.0) | 57 (62.0) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single, N (%) | 327 (72.8) | 138 (42.2) | 189 (57.8) | <.01 |
| Married or living with significant other, N (%) | 122 (27.2) | 70 (57.4) | 52 (42.3) | |
| Children | ||||
| Has one or more children, N (%) | 130 (29.5) | 60 (46.2) | 70 (54.8) | NS |
| No children, N (%) | 311 (70.5) | 145 (46.6) | 166 (53.4) | |
| Health insurance | ||||
| No health insurance, N (%) | 54 (12.0) | 17 (31.5) | 37 (68.5) | .02 |
| Has health insurance (includes VA), N (%) | 396 (88.0) | 192 (48.5) | 204 (51.5) | |
| Education | ||||
| High school or less, N (%) | 182 (40.4) | 68 (37.4) | 114 (62.6) | <.01 |
| More than high school, N (%) | 268 (59.6) | 141 (52.6) | 127 (47.4) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Unemployed, N (%) | 218 (48.4) | 75 (34.4) | 143 (65.6) | <.0001 |
| Employed, N (%) | 232 (51.6) | 134 (57.8) | 98 (42.2) | |
| Housing | ||||
| Unstable, N (%) | 35 (7.8) | 8 (22.9) | 27 (77.1) | <.01 |
| Stable, N (%) | 415 (92.2) | 201 (48.4) | 214 (51.6) | |
| Mean (SD) number of alcoholic drinks/mo | 12.5 (30.2) | 12.3 (28.6) | 12.6 (31.5) | NS |
| History of injection drug use | ||||
| Past history of use, N (%) | 61 (14.1) | 23 (37.7) | 38 (62.3) | NS |
| No history, N (%) | 371 (85.9) | 179 (48.3) | 192 (51.8) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Disease class | ||||
| AIDS, N (%) | 274 (61.4) | 118 (43.1) | 156 (56.9) | NS |
| HIV but not AIDS, N (%) | 172 (38.6) | 89 (51.7) | 83 (48.3) | |
| Mean (SD) duration since HIV diagnosis, years | 8.4 (5.3) | 8.3 (5.1) | 8.4 (5.4) | NS |
| HAART status | ||||
| Currently on HAART, N (%) | 342 (76.3) | 161 (47.1) | 181 (52.9) | NS |
| Not on HAART, N (%) | 106 (23.7) | 47 (44.3) | 59 (55.7) | |
| Mean (SD) CD4 count, cells/μL | 420.5 (301.0) | 467.8 (326.4) | 378.8 (270.2) | <.01 |
| Viral load level | ||||
| ≤400 copies/mL, N (%) | 232 (52.6) | 119 (51.3) | 113 (48.7) | .05 |
| >400 copies/mL, N (%) | 209 (47.4) | 88 (42.1) | 121 (57.9) | |
| Type of hospital | ||||
| VA hospital, N (%) | 100 (22.2) | 42 (42.0) | 58 (58.0) | NS |
| Non-VA hospital, N (%) | 350 (77.8) | 167 (47.7) | 183 (52.3) | |
*
CESD-10, Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression scale, 10-item version; range of scores: 0 to 30, with scores ≥10 indicative of significant depressive symptoms.
NS, nonsignificant; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; VA, Veterans Affairs Medical Center.