Table 2.
Self-reported sleep duration, difficulty initiating sleeping, difficulty maintaining sleeping and risk of type 2 diabetes, 1999–2004, HIPOP-OHP, Japan
| Self-reported sleep duration | Age-adjusted Model* | Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ |
| < 6 hours | 1.19 (0.81–1.76) | 1.15 (0.76–1.74) | 1.15 (0.76–1.74) |
| 6–7 hours | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 7–8 hours | 1.24 (0.92–1.69) | 1.15 (0.84–1.59) | 1.15 (0.84–1.59) |
| > 8 hours | 1.16 (0.72–1.87) | 1.02 (0.62–1.70) | 1.03 (0.62–1.70) |
| P for trend | 0.549 | 0.933 | 0.723 |
| Self-reported difficulty initiating sleeping | Age-adjusted Model* | Model 1 § | Model 2 ¶ |
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sometimes | 1.33 (1.00–1.76) | 1.39 (1.04–1.88) | 1.42 (1.05–1.91) |
| Often | 1.65 (1.07–2.54) | 1.63 (1.04–2.59) | 1.61 (1.00–2.58) |
| P for trend | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Self-reported difficulty maintaining sleeping | Age-adjusted Model* | Model 1 § | Model 2 ¶ |
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sometimes | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | 1.31 (0.97–1.77) | 1.31 (0.97–1.76) |
| Often | 1.38 (0.91–2.11) | 1.34 (0.86–2.01) | 1.37 (0.87–2.16) |
| P for trend | 0.043 | 0.074 | 0.063 |
* Adjusted for age at baseline (5 year increments)
† Adjusted for age, gender, history of smoking, history of hypertension, history of high cholesterol, potential history of diabetes, exercise (MET-h/week) quartiles, and assigned intervention (health promotion)
‡ Adjusted for all variables in model 1 and BMI (kg/m2, quartiles)
§ Adjusted for age, gender, BMI (kg/m2, quartiles), history of smoking, history of hypertension, history of high cholesterol, potential history of diabetes, exercise (MET-h/week) quartiles, and assigned intervention (health promotion)
¶ Adjusted for all variables in model 1 and sleep duration categories