Table 2. Effect of G_L overexpression on GS and GP activity ratios in glucose-replete and -depleted cells.

Muscle cells were transduced with Ad-GFP, Ad-G_L and/or Ad-MGP and incubated without or with 25 mM glucose for 18 h. Then, where indicated, 100 nM insulin was added for 30 min. GS and GP activity ratios were measured in cell extracts. Data are means±S.E.M. for four independent experiments performed in duplicate. Significances of differences are: *P<0.01 and **P<0.001 versus controls (Ad-GFP) and †P<0.05 and ‡P<0.005 versus Ad-G_L, under the same incubation conditions; ¶P<0.05 no glucose versus glucose without insulin in controls; and §P<0.05 insulin versus no insulin in G_L overexpressers without glucose. ND, means not determined.

	GS				GP
	Glucose …	+		−		+		−
Treatment	Insulin…	−	+	−	+	−	+	−	+
Ad-GFP		0.050±0.006	0.057±0.004	0.081±0.016¶	0.058±0.003	0.65±0.08	0.78±0.03	0.74±0.03	0.88±0.07
Ad-GL		0.170±0.020**	0.154±0.025**	0.196±0.001**	0.126±0.013**§	0.55±0.03	0.65±0.05	0.66±0.10	0.79±0.04
Ad-MGP		0.055±0.005	ND	0.111±0.007*	ND	0.25±0.07**	ND	0.37±0.02*	ND
Ad-GL+Ad-MGP		0.127±0.008†	ND	0.193±0.008	ND	0.30±0.04‡	ND	0.35±0.02‡	ND