Table 2.

Effect of morphine versus placebo on the sensation of dyspnoea at the end of the treatment period. End period values for morphine and placebo are means (SD). In this paired t test the differences in the same patient between morphine and placebo are presented as absolute values of the means (SD); 95% confidence intervals are also absolute values

	Dyspnoea*
	Morphine (n=38)	Placebo (n=38)	Mean improvement in dyspnoea scores on morphine compared with placebo	95% Cl of the mean improvement	P value (paired t test)
Morning	40.1 (24)	47.7 (26)	6.6 (15)	1.6 to 11.6	0.011
Evening	40.3 (23)	49.9 (24)	9.5 (19)	3.0 to 16.1	0.006

^*Dyspnoea is measured on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), with zero as “no breathlessness” and 100 as “worst possible breathlessness.”