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Neutralizing antibodies that target IL-1α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), and TNFα (D) significantly inhibit osteoclast differentiation induced in vitro by titanium particles. Control cultures were incubated with non-immune goat IgG (A) or non-immune rat IgG1 (B). Osteoclast differentiation was assessed by measuring the number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells/cm2. N = 5–6 for all groups.
