Table 3.

Multivariate proportional hazard ratio for oral and pharyngeal carcinoma death in Taiwan from 1985–1994.

	Oral and pharyngeal carcinoma death (N = 4106)
Ethnic group	Aborigines community (N = 130)	Hakka community (N = 215)	Hokkien community (N = 3761)
Characteristics	HR(95% CI)	HR(95% CI)	HR(95% CI)
Period of diagnosis (yrs)
1985–1989	1.00	1.00	1.00
1990–1994	1.43(0.93–2.20)	1.55(1.13–2.13)*	1.20(1.12–1.29)*
Gender
Females	1.00	1.00	1.00
Males	0.94(0.62–1.43)	1.87(1.18–2.97)*	1.60(1.42–1.81)*
Diagnostic age (yrs)
< = 49	1.00	1.00	1.00
50–59	1.17(0.71–1.92)	1.12(0.77–1.61)	0.96(0.89–1.04)
60–69	1.24(0.74–2.08)	1.19(0.83–1.73)	0.99(0.90–1.08)
> = 70	1.05(0.59–1.87)	2.46(1.62–3.73)*	1.15(1.03–1.28)*
Anatomic site
Oropharyngeal	1.00	1.00	1.00
Lip	1.22(0.33–4.55)	0.52(0.17–1.61)	0.77(0.61–0.98)*
Tongue	0.94(0.37–2.37)	1.36(0.77–2.41)	1.31(1.14–1.50)*
Mouth	0.89(0.37–2.15)	1.18(0.67–2.07)	1.26(1.10–1.43)*
Hypopharyngeal	0.43(0.17–1.11)	0.99(0.51–1.90)	0.98(0.84–1.15)
Other	0.00-a	0.85(0.11–6.77)	0.70(0.43–1.13)
Morphologic type
SCC	1.00	1.00	1.00
Verrucous carcinoma	0.95(0.38–2.40)	0.46(0.20–1.05)	0.51(0.42–0.62)*
Other carcinoma	0.63(0.30–1.35)	0.35(0.20–0.62)*	0.54(0.47–0.62)*
Therapy
Surgery alone	1.00	1.00	1.00
RT alone	3.02(1.25–7.28)*	3.03(1.70–5.40)*	2.61(2.26–3.01)*
CT alone	1.38(0.55–3.46)	4.81(2.93–7.90)*	2.74(2.41–3.12)*
Surgery + RT	2.01(0.98–4.13)	1.56(0.85–2.84)	1.76(1.55–2.01)*
Surgery + CT	1.21(0.46–3.13)	2.40(1.30–4.45)*	1.38(1.18–1.61)*
RT + CT	5.38(2.26–12.83)*	2.97(1.55–5.67)*	3.49(3.02–4.03)*
Surgery + RT + CT	3.76(1.60–8.83)*	4.59(2.51–8.39)*	2.58(2.20–3.01)*
ST alone	3.78(1.69–8.43)*	2.55(1.11–5.86)*	3.05(2.53–3.69)*
Other complex therapy	2.96(1.57–5.59)*	2.46(1.61–3.74)*	2.09(1.89–2.30)*

SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; RT: radiation therapy; CT: chemotherapy; ST: supportive care therapy.

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.

^a No subjects died from other anatomic site.

*Statistical significance (p < 0.05).