BRCA1 targets p53-responsive elements. (A) Basic structure of the minimal reporter plasmid. Two (PGluc, SRFluc, NFκBluc, and E2Fluc) or four (Mycluc and GAL4luc) copies of DNA binding sequences were cloned upstream of c-fos promoter TATA sequence and luciferase genes. (B) BRCA1 activates p53-responsive elements. 293T cells were transfected with empty vector or BRCA1 expression plasmids together with several reporter plasmids indicated, and luciferase activity was measured. Each of the experiments was done in duplicate or triplicate, and normalized by β-galactosidase activity. Lanes: 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, pcDNA3 vector; 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, BRCA1/PCDNA3. (C) BRCA1 is not an general coactivator. 293T cells were cotransfected with p53, E2F1, and DP1 expression plasmids and/or BRCA1 to detect activation of PGluc or E2Fluc. Lanes: 1 and 5, pcDNA3 vector; 2, p53; 3 and 7, BRCA1; 4, p53 plus BRCA1; 6, E2F1 plus DP1; 8, E2F1, DP1 plus BRCA1.