PCR amplifications of map and uvrB-degV genetic loci for phytoplasma reference strains of group 16SrV under various conditions. (A) Elongation temperature of 72°C without DMSO; (B) elongation temperature of 72°C with 5% DMSO; and (C) elongation temperature of 66°C with 5% DMSO. Lanes 1, H2O; lanes 2, healthy broad bean, lanes 3, FD92-infected broad bean; lanes 4, healthy periwinkle, lanes 5 to 8, periwinkle infected by FD70, ALY, RuS, and EY1 phytoplasmas, respectively; M, molecular size markers (1-kbp DNA ladder).